數(shù)據(jù)可視化之美：通過(guò)專(zhuān)家的眼光洞察數(shù)據(jù)

前言 ......................................................1
第1章 論美 ................................................ 7
Noah Iliinsky.............................................. 7
何為美 ..................................................7
學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)典.................................................................................................................................9
如何實(shí)現(xiàn)美麗......................................................................................................................12
預(yù)期的信息..........................................................................................................................13
付諸實(shí)踐...............................................................................................................................16
結(jié)束語(yǔ)..................................................................................................................................18
第2章 曾經(jīng)的堆疊時(shí)間序列 ........................................ 19
Matthias Shapiro...........................................................................................................19
問(wèn)題 + 可視化數(shù)據(jù) + 場(chǎng)景 = 故事..................................................................................20
創(chuàng)建有效的可視化的步驟................................................................................................22
可視化創(chuàng)建實(shí)踐..................................................................................................................29
結(jié)束語(yǔ)..................................................................................................................................37
第3章 Wordle............................................................39
Jonathan Feinberg.........................................................................................................39
Wordle的起源......................................................................................................................40
Wordle如何工作.................................................................................................................47
Wordle是優(yōu)秀的信息可視化嗎.......................................................................................56
如何真正使用Wordle........................................................................................................59
結(jié)束語(yǔ)..................................................................................................................................60
致謝.......................................................................................................................................60
參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................................................................................................60
第4章 色彩：數(shù)據(jù)可視化的“灰姑娘” ....................... 61
Michael Driscoll.............................................................................................................61
為什么在數(shù)據(jù)圖像中使用色彩.......................................................................................61
亮度作為恢復(fù)局部密度的方法.......................................................................................66
展望未來(lái)：關(guān)于動(dòng)畫(huà).........................................................................................................67
方法.......................................................................................................................................68
結(jié)束語(yǔ)..................................................................................................................................69
參考文獻(xiàn)和補(bǔ)充閱讀.........................................................................................................69
第5章 信息映射：重新設(shè)計(jì)紐約地鐵圖 ....................... 70
Eddie Jabbour（Julie Steele執(zhí)筆）.............................................................70
需要更好的工具..................................................................................................................70
回憶在倫敦..........................................................................................................................72
紐約之“殤”......................................................................................................................73
好的工具衍生更好的工具................................................................................................73
尺寸只是一個(gè)因素.............................................................................................................74
從回顧到展望......................................................................................................................76
紐約獨(dú)特的復(fù)雜性.............................................................................................................78
地理即關(guān)系..........................................................................................................................78
砍掉“雞毛蒜皮”的東西................................................................................................85
結(jié)束語(yǔ)..................................................................................................................................89
第6章 飛行模式：深入探索 ........................................ 90
Aaron Koblin和Valdean Klump...................................................................................90
技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)..........................................................................................................................93
色彩.......................................................................................................................................94
動(dòng)向.......................................................................................................................................98
異常和錯(cuò)誤..........................................................................................................................99
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................100
致謝.....................................................................................................................................101
第7章 你的選擇揭示你是誰(shuí)：社會(huì)模式的挖掘和可視化 ............................... 102
Valdis Krebs..................................................................................................................102
早期社交圖........................................................................................................................102
Amazon的書(shū)籍購(gòu)買(mǎi)數(shù)據(jù)的社交圖..............................................................................110
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................120
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................120
第8章 美國(guó)參議院社交圖（1991～2009）的可視化 ... 122
Andrew Odewahn........................................................................................................122
創(chuàng)建可視化........................................................................................................................123
收集原始數(shù)據(jù)....................................................................................................................124
產(chǎn)生的故事........................................................................................................................130
什么使它美麗....................................................................................................................134
什么使它丑陋....................................................................................................................135
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................139
第9章 鳥(niǎo)瞰圖：搜索和發(fā)現(xiàn) ...................................... 141
ToddHolloway................................................141
可視化技術(shù)........................................................................................................................142
YELLOWPAGES.COM.........................................................................................................142
Netfl x獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng).........................................................................................................................148
創(chuàng)建自己的可視化...........................................................................................................153
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................154
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................154
第10章 從社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)可視化的混雜之中尋找美麗的感悟 ... 155
Adam Perer...................................................................................................................155
社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)可視化................................................................................................................155
誰(shuí)想要對(duì)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行可視化.....................................................................................158
Soc alAct on的設(shè)計(jì)..........................................................................................................159
案例研究：從混亂到美麗..............................................................................................163
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................170
第11章 美麗的歷史：對(duì)維基百科可視化 .................... 171
Martin Wattenberg 和 Fernanda Viégas..................................................................171
描述分組編輯....................................................................................................................171
數(shù)據(jù).....................................................................................................................................172
歷史流的實(shí)際作用...........................................................................................................179
染色圖：一次對(duì)一個(gè)人進(jìn)行可視化............................................................................181
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................185
第12章 把表轉(zhuǎn)換成樹(shù)：把并行集發(fā)展成意義深遠(yuǎn)的項(xiàng)目 ................... 187
Robert Kosara..............................................................................................................187
分類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù).............................................................................................................................188
并行集................................................................................................................................189
可視化重設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................................................190
新的數(shù)據(jù)模型....................................................................................................................192
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模型........................................................................................................................194
樹(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)增長(zhǎng)........................................................................................................................195
現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的并行集.......................................................................................................197
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................198
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................198
第13章 “X byY”的設(shè)計(jì)：奧地利電子藝術(shù)節(jié)檔案的信息美學(xué)探索 ......... 199
Moritz Stefaner..........................................................................................................199
簡(jiǎn)介和概念........................................................................................................................199
了解數(shù)據(jù)形勢(shì)....................................................................................................................200
探索數(shù)據(jù).............................................................................................................................202
初次可視化草圖................................................................................................................204
最終產(chǎn)品.............................................................................................................................208
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................214
致謝.....................................................................................................................................216
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................217
第14章 矩陣探秘 .....................................................218
Maximilian Schich.......................................................................................................218
越多越好嗎........................................................................................................................219
把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)看做網(wǎng)絡(luò)...........................................................................................................220
可見(jiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)模型定義.......................................................................................................221
網(wǎng)絡(luò)維度.............................................................................................................................224
矩陣“縮小鏡”................................................................................................................225
減少?gòu)?fù)雜性........................................................................................................................229
矩陣操作進(jìn)階....................................................................................................................236
改善后的矩陣....................................................................................................................236
數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大....................................................................................................................237
深層次應(yīng)用........................................................................................................................238
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................239
致謝.....................................................................................................................................239
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................239
第15章 1994年：基于《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上的文章搜索API的數(shù)據(jù)探索 ........................245
Jer Thorp.......................................................................................................................245
獲取數(shù)據(jù)：文章搜索API................................................................................................245
管理數(shù)據(jù)：使用Processng編程語(yǔ)言..........................................................................247
三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的步驟................................................................................................................251
維度搜索.............................................................................................................................253
連接.....................................................................................................................................254
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................258
第16章 《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的一天 .................................... 260
Michael Young 和 Nick Bilton....................................................................................260
收集一些數(shù)據(jù)....................................................................................................................261
數(shù)據(jù)清洗.............................................................................................................................262
Python、Map/Reduce和Hadoop.................................................................................263
可視化的第一步................................................................................................................263
剛剛處理的數(shù)據(jù)哪去了..................................................................................................266
場(chǎng)景1，步驟1....................................................................................................................266
場(chǎng)景1，步驟2....................................................................................................................268
可視化的第二步................................................................................................................269
可視化比例和其他可視化優(yōu)化.....................................................................................272
使定時(shí)拍攝能夠正常工作..............................................................................................274
生成的視頻有什么用.......................................................................................................275
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................275
致謝.....................................................................................................................................278
第17章 深入揭秘復(fù)雜系統(tǒng) ........................................ 279
Lance Putnam、Graham Wakef ield、Haru Ji、Basak Alper、
Dennis Adderton 和JoAnn Kuchera-Morin.............................................................279
多模式“競(jìng)技場(chǎng)”...........................................................................................................279
創(chuàng)造性思維的路線圖.......................................................................................................281
項(xiàng)目探討.............................................................................................................................284
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................295
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................296
第18章 解剖可視化：真正的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ....................... 297
Anders Persson............................................................................................................297
背景.....................................................................................................................................298
對(duì)法醫(yī)工作的影響...........................................................................................................298
虛擬尸檢流程....................................................................................................................301
虛擬尸檢的未來(lái)................................................................................................................309
結(jié)束語(yǔ)................................................................................................................................312
參考文獻(xiàn)和擴(kuò)展閱讀.......................................................................................................313
第19章 動(dòng)畫(huà)可視化：機(jī)遇和缺點(diǎn) .............................. 315
Danyel Fisher...............................................................................................................315
動(dòng)畫(huà)原則.............................................................................................................................316
科學(xué)可視化中的動(dòng)畫(huà).......................................................................................................317
從卡通中學(xué)習(xí)....................................................................................................................317
用動(dòng)畫(huà)進(jìn)行的探索效率更低.........................................................................................322
展現(xiàn)不是探索....................................................................................................................323
動(dòng)畫(huà)類(lèi)型.............................................................................................................................324
用DynaV s制作的舞臺(tái)動(dòng)畫(huà)............................................................................................328
動(dòng)畫(huà)原則.............................................................................................................................332
結(jié)束語(yǔ)：是否采用動(dòng)畫(huà)..................................................................................................333
擴(kuò)展閱讀.............................................................................................................................334
致謝.....................................................................................................................................334
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................................................334
第20章 帶索引的可視化 ........................................... 337
Jessica Hagy.................................................................................................................337
可視化：是一頭“大象”..............................................................................................337
可視化：是一門(mén)藝術(shù).......................................................................................................339
可視化：是一種商務(wù).......................................................................................................340
可視化：是永恒的...........................................................................................................341
可視化：此時(shí)此刻...........................................................................................................343
可視化：是編碼的...........................................................................................................344
可視化：是清晰的...........................................................................................................345
可視化：是可學(xué)習(xí)的.......................................................................................................346
可視化：是一個(gè)流行語(yǔ)..................................................................................................348
可視化：是一個(gè)機(jī)遇.......................................................................................................349
作者簡(jiǎn)介.................................................................353