IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話技術(shù)

第1章 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話概述 1                   
 1.1 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話發(fā)展背景 1                   
 1.1.1 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話的技術(shù)發(fā)展 1                   
 1.1.2 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話的應(yīng)用特點 12                   
 1.1.3 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話發(fā)展概況 17                   
 1.2 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 20                   
 1.2.1 語音處理技術(shù) 20                   
 1.2.2 IP話音通信協(xié)議 24                   
 1.2.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理和安全技術(shù) 25                   
 1.2.4 終端技術(shù) 26                   
 1.3 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話實現(xiàn)方法 26                   
 1.3.1 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu) 26                   
 1.3.2 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話協(xié)議 29                   
 1.3.3 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話結(jié)構(gòu)模型和實現(xiàn) 32                   
 1.4 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 34                   
 1.4.1 ITU-T 34                   
 1.4.2 IETF 35                   
 1.4.3 ETSI 38                   
 1.4.4 IMTC 38                   
                   
 第2章 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) 40                   
 2.1 計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)原理 40                   
 2.1.1 計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)分類 40                   
 2.1.2 計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議結(jié)構(gòu) 44                   
 2.1.3 Internet撥號接入 51                   
 2.1.4 局域網(wǎng)和MAC子層 52                   
 2.1.5 網(wǎng)橋和路由器 55                   
 2.2 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議(IP) 60                   
 2.2.1 IP頭部格式 60                   
 2.2.2 IP地址 64                   
 2.2.3 域名系統(tǒng) 70                   
 2.2.4 IP選路 71                   
 2.3 傳輸控制協(xié)議(TCP) 78                   
 2.3.1 TCP協(xié)議模型 78                   
 2.3.2 TCP連接過程 86                   
 2.3.3 傳輸控制過程 90                   
 2.3.4 TCP擁塞控制 93                   
 2.3.5 用戶數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)議(UDP) 94                   
 2.4 萬維網(wǎng)(WWW) 95                   
 2.4.1 基本概念和術(shù)語 95                   
 2.4.2 URL 97                   
 2.4.3 HTTP 99                   
 2.4.4 HTML 102                   
 2.4.5 CGI 105                   
 2.4.6 Java 108                   
 2.5 寬帶IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) 110                   
 2.5.1 IP/ATM重疊模型 110                   
 2.5.2 IP/ATM集成模型 124                   
 2.5.3 IP over SDH 132                   
 2.5.4 IP over WDM 133                   
                   
 第3章 話音編碼技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) 135                   
 3.1 語音編碼一般要求 135                   
 3.1.1 比特率 135                   
 3.1.2 時延 136                   
 3.1.3 復(fù)雜度 138                   
 3.1.4 語音質(zhì)量 138                   
 3.2 波形編碼 139                   
 3.2.1 一般原理 139                   
 3.2.2 低速率波形編碼技術(shù) 140                   
 3.2.3 G.726話音編碼 148                   
 3.2.4 波形編碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 152                   
 3.3 參數(shù)編碼 154                   
 3.3.1 聲音形成機理 155                   
 3.3.2 聲碼器類型 159                   
 3.3.3 參數(shù)編碼和波形編碼的比較 161                   
 3.3.4 參數(shù)編碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 163                   
                   
 第4章 低比特率話音編碼 166                   
 4.1 線性預(yù)測合成分析編碼原理 166                   
 4.1.1 結(jié)構(gòu)原理 166                   
 4.1.2 功能結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn) 168                   
 4.2 線性預(yù)測技術(shù) 169                   
 4.2.1 幀. 子幀和窗口 170                   
 4.2.2 線性預(yù)測系數(shù)的計算 171                   
 4.2.3 預(yù)測系數(shù)的量化和內(nèi)插 173                   
 4.2.4 誤差加權(quán)濾波器 175                   
 4.3 激勵信號生成 176                   
 4.3.1 激勵信號的表示 176                   
 4.3.2 激勵信號的確定 181                   
 4.4 后置濾波 183                   
 4.5 G.728聲碼器 185                   
 4.5.1 G.728編碼器 185                   
 4.5.2 G.728解碼器 187                   
 4.5.3 同步和帶內(nèi)信令 189                   
 4.6 G.729聲碼器 190                   
 4.6.1 G.729性能特點 190                   
 4.6.2 G.729編碼器 192                   
 4.6.3 G.729解碼器 201                   
 4.7 G.723.1聲碼器 203                   
 4.7.1 G.723.1性能特點 203                   
 4.7.2 G.723.1編碼器 204                   
 4.7.3 G.723.1解碼器 209                   
                   
 第5章 基于H.323的IP電話技術(shù) 211                   
 5.1 H.323設(shè)計原則 211                   
 5.2 H.323協(xié)議棧結(jié)構(gòu) 212                   
 5.3 H.323系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 214                   
 5.3.1 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 214                   
 5.3.2 終端功能 217                   
 5.3.3 網(wǎng)關(guān)功能 219                   
 5.3.4 網(wǎng)閘功能 219                   
 5.3.5 多點通信功能 221                   
 5.4 RAS協(xié)議 223                   
 5.4.1 RAS協(xié)議過程和消息 223                   
 5.4.2 網(wǎng)閘搜索 226                   
 5.4.3 端點登記 227                   
 5.4.4 端點定位 228                   
 5.4.5 呼叫接納和退出 229                   
 5.4.6 帶寬管理 230                   
 5.4.7 狀態(tài)和資源 233                   
 5.5 呼叫信令協(xié)議 234                   
 5.5.1 Q.931簡介 234                   
 5.5.2 H.225.0呼叫信令消息 344                   
 5.5.3 H.323通信控制一般機理 251                   
 5.5.4 呼叫建立信令過程 255                   
 5.6 H.323補充業(yè)務(wù) 267                   
 5.6.1 補充業(yè)務(wù)描述 267                   
 5.6.2 補充業(yè)務(wù)實現(xiàn)的通用機制 270                   
 5.6.3 呼叫等待信令過程 273                   
 5.6.4 報文等待指示信令過程 274                   
 5.7 媒體通信控制協(xié)議(H.245) 276                   
 5.7.1 H.245概述 276                   
 5.7.2 主要協(xié)議過程 283                   
 5.7.3 快速協(xié)議機制 289                   
 5.7.4 第三方啟動暫停和重選路由 294                   
 5.8 會議控制功能 295                   
 5.8.1 會議通信類型 295                   
 5.8.2 會議控制一般機理 298                   
 5.8.3 特殊型多點會議信令過程 304                   
                   
 第6章 實時協(xié)議和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) 311                   
 6.1 RTP協(xié)議和語音封裝 312                   
 6.1.1 RTP概述 312                   
 6.1.2 RTP分組頭部 315                   
 6.1.3 RTP會話的復(fù)用 319                   
 6.1.4 H.225.0應(yīng)用文檔 319                   
 6.1.5 音頻信號的RTP封裝 322                   
 6.2 RTCP概述 324                   
 6.2.1 RTCP概述324                   
 6.2.2 發(fā)送者和接收者報告 326                   
 6.2.3 其它RTCP分組 332                   
 6.2.4 RTCP分組發(fā)送間隔 336                   
 6.2.5 H.323系統(tǒng)的QoS 337                   
 6.3 RSVP協(xié)議和資源預(yù)留 338                   
 6.3.1 綜合服務(wù)Intrernet 338                   
 6.3.2 RSVP功能原理 340                   
 6.3.3 預(yù)留方式和聚合 343                   
 6.3.4 預(yù)留協(xié)議和消息 246                   
 6.3.5 H.323系統(tǒng)的資源預(yù)留 353                   
 6.4 區(qū)分服務(wù)QoS機制 357                   
 6.4.1 綜合服務(wù)和區(qū)分服務(wù) 357                   
 6.4.2 服務(wù)分類方法 360                   
 6.4.3 區(qū)分服務(wù)示例 364                   
 6.4.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源裝備和放置 366                   
 6.4.5 H.323系統(tǒng)的區(qū)分服務(wù) 369                   
                   
 第7章 H.323電話系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)技術(shù) 376                   
 7.1 PSTN/IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話業(yè)務(wù)互通 376                   
 7.1.1 信令互通 377                   
 7.1.2 尋址 381                   
 7.1.3 DTMF信號的處理 383                   
 7.1.4 媒體適配功能 384                   
 7.2 IP電路終端的功能要求 385                   
 7.2.1 音頻SUD 385                   
 7.2.2 音頻SUD功能要求 386                   
 7.2.3 音頻SUD協(xié)議要求 387                   
 7.3 網(wǎng)關(guān)實現(xiàn)技術(shù) 389                   
 7.3.1 企業(yè)級網(wǎng)關(guān) 389                   
 7.3.2 企業(yè)級網(wǎng)關(guān)示例 391                   
 7.3.3 電信級網(wǎng)關(guān) 397                   
 7.3.4 電信級網(wǎng)關(guān)示例 398                   
 7.4 IP電話系統(tǒng)組網(wǎng)示例 401                   
                   
 第8章 基于SIP的IP電話技術(shù) 404                   
 8.1 概述 404                   
 8.1.1 協(xié)議棧結(jié)構(gòu) 405                   
 8.1.2 C/S網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu) 406                   
 8.2 會話描述協(xié)議(SDP) 408                   
 8.2.1 功能概述 408                   
 8.2.2 會話描述的一般格式 409                   
 8.2.3 會話級描述格式 411                   
 8.2.4 媒體級描述格式 416                   
 8.3 會話啟動協(xié)議(SIP) 419                   
 8.3.1 功能概述 419                   
 8.3.2 SIP URL結(jié)構(gòu) 422                   
 8.3.3 請求消息格式和操作 424                   
 8.3.4 響應(yīng)消息格式和意義 434                   
 8.3.5 SDP的使用 436                   
 8.3.6 SIP控制流示例 439                   
 8.3.7 呼叫控制功能擴展 444                   
 8.4 用戶代理和SIP服務(wù)器的功能要求 448                   
 8.4.1 用戶代理功能要求 448                   
 8.4.2 重要向服務(wù)器功能要求 450                   
 8.4.3 代理服務(wù)器功能要求 450                   
 8.5 SIP呼叫控制基本過程 451                   
 8.5.1 代理信令過程 451                   
 8.5.2 重要向信令過程 454                   
 8.5.3 一般信令過程 455                   
 8.6 SIP和H.323的比較 458                   
                   
 第9章 媒體網(wǎng)關(guān)控制協(xié)議 462                   
 9.1 分離網(wǎng)關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu) 462                   
 9.1.1 分離網(wǎng)關(guān)基本思想 465                   
 9.1.2 分離網(wǎng)關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu) 468                   
 9.2 MGCP功能特點 468                   
 9.2.1 呼叫模型 469                   
 9.2.2 協(xié)議結(jié)構(gòu) 470                   
 9.2.3 協(xié)議命令 472                   
 9.3 MGCP協(xié)議描述 472                   
 9.3.1 端點類型和標(biāo)識 472                   
 9.3.2 呼叫和連接建立 475                   
 9.3.3 事件和信號表示 477                   
 9.3.4 網(wǎng)關(guān)控制命令 484                   
 9.4 協(xié)議消息格式 489                   
 9.4.1 命令頭部 490                   
 9.4.2 響應(yīng)頭部 493                   
 9.4.3 協(xié)議消息傳送 494                   
 9.5 MGCP呼叫控制流程 496                   
 9.5.1 H.323終端呼叫流程：多連接流程 496                   
 9.5.2 H.323終端呼叫流程：單連接流程 504                   
 9.5.3 SIP終端呼叫流程 507                   
 9.5.4 PSTN電話呼叫流程 508                   
                   
 第10章 電信級IP電話系統(tǒng)的增強技術(shù) 511                   
 10.1 網(wǎng)閘間通信協(xié)議 511                   
 10.1.1 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 512                   
 10.1.2 域間通信協(xié)議基本要求 514                   
 10.1.3 邊界單元的解析地址集 515                   
 10.1.4 協(xié)議消息 517                   
 10.1.5 地址解析過程和信令示例 521                   
 10.2 智能網(wǎng)和Internet的互通 528                   
 10.2.1 PINT標(biāo)志性業(yè)務(wù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu) 529                   
 10.2.2 SDP的擴充 532                   
 10.2.3 SIP的擴充 537                   
 10.2.4 標(biāo)志性業(yè)務(wù)調(diào)用的PINT參數(shù) 539                   
 10.2.5 PINT消息示例 542                   
 10.2.6 支持PINT業(yè)務(wù)的智能網(wǎng)功能結(jié)構(gòu) 548                   
 10.2.5 智能網(wǎng)/Internet互通的一般結(jié)構(gòu) 551                   
 10.3 IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話移動技術(shù) 553                   
 10.3.1 IP電話移動性要求 553                   
 10.3.2 H.323移動IP網(wǎng)絡(luò) 554                   
 10.3.3 H.323自動漫游信令過程 559                   
 10.3.4 H.323切換信令過程 563                   
                   
 附錄 英文縮寫詞 568