大學(xué)計算機基礎(chǔ)與計算思維

第1 章 計算機基礎(chǔ)與計算思維················· 1
1.1 計算機的發(fā)展史································· 1
1.1.1 計算工具的發(fā)展·························· 1
1.1.2 早期計算機器的發(fā)展·················· 3
1.1.3 電子計算機的發(fā)展······················ 5
1.1.4 微型計算機的發(fā)展······················ 8
1.2 計算機的分類·································· 10
1.2.1 特點與類型······························· 10
1.2.2 大型計算機······························· 11
1.2.3 微型計算機······························· 13
1.2.4 嵌入式系統(tǒng)······························· 15
1.3 計算機的工作原理··························· 19
1.3.1 信息編碼··································· 19
1.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)存儲··································· 21
1.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸··································· 23
1.3.4 數(shù)據(jù)計算··································· 26
1.3.5 指令系統(tǒng)··································· 28
1.4 計算思維的基本方法······················· 29
1.4.1 計算思維的基本特征················ 29
1.4.2 計算機如何解決問題················ 31
1.4.3 計算機不能解決的問題············ 32
第2 章 中文Windows 7 操作系統(tǒng)·········· 34
2.1 Windows 7 概述······························· 34
2.1.1 Windows 7 的版本介紹············· 34
2.1.2 Windows 7 系統(tǒng)的安裝············· 35
2.2 Windows 7 桌面系統(tǒng)························ 39
2.2.1 鼠標(biāo)、鍵盤及指法練習(xí)············ 39
2.2.2 桌面上的圖標(biāo)···························· 42
2.2.3 桌面小工具······························· 45
2.2.4 任務(wù)欄和“開始”菜單············ 46
2.2.5 個性化設(shè)置······························· 49
2.3 窗口、菜單與對話框的操作············ 53
2.3.1 認識Windows 窗口··················· 53
2.3.2 Windows 窗口的基本操作········· 55
2.3.3 窗口的排列······························· 57
2.3.4 菜單操作··································· 59
2.3.5 對話框······································· 59
2.4 文件與文件夾··································· 61
2.4.1 認識文件與文件夾···················· 61
2.4.2 文件與文件夾的基本操作········· 62
2.4.3 管理文件與文件夾···················· 66
2.5 Windows 7 用戶賬戶管理················ 72
2.5.1 創(chuàng)建用戶賬戶···························· 72
2.5.2 刪除用戶賬戶···························· 73
2.5.3 管理用戶賬戶···························· 74
2.6 中文輸入法······································ 75
2.7 附件的應(yīng)用······································ 77
2.7.1 計算器的應(yīng)用···························· 77
2.7.2 畫圖的應(yīng)用······························· 78
2.7.3 記事本的基本操作···················· 80
第3 章 程序設(shè)計與軟件開發(fā)基礎(chǔ)··········· 83
3.1 程序設(shè)計概述··································· 83
3.1.1 程序設(shè)計的風(fēng)格························ 83
3.1.2 結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計························ 85
3.1.3 面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計···················· 86
3.2 算法概述·········································· 89
3.2.1 算法的基本概念························ 89
3.2.2 算法的復(fù)雜度···························· 90
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)··································· 91
3.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本概念················ 91
3.3.2 線性表······································· 93
3.3.3 棧··············································· 95
3.3.4 隊列··········································· 96
II 大學(xué)計算機基礎(chǔ)與計算思維
3.3.5 樹與二叉樹······························· 97
3.3.6 查找··········································· 99
3.3.7 排序··········································· 99
3.4 軟件工程基礎(chǔ)································ 101
3.4.1 軟件工程的基本概念·············· 101
3.4.2 結(jié)構(gòu)化分析方法······················ 103
3.4.3 結(jié)構(gòu)化設(shè)計方法······················ 105
3.4.4 軟件測試及調(diào)試······················ 107
3.5 C 語言設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)····························· 110
3.5.1 C 語言簡介······························ 110
3.5.2 變量與數(shù)據(jù)類型······················ 111
3.5.3 運算符和表達式······················ 115
3.5.4 順序結(jié)構(gòu)································· 119
3.5.5 選擇結(jié)構(gòu)································· 122
3.5.6 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)································· 125