Part l The Contemporary lnternet 3 Chapter 1 Evolution of the Internet 5 Origins and Recent History of the Internet 5 Network Access Points l0 Routing Aibiter PrOject l4 The Very High-Speed Backbone Network Service l8 Transitioning the Regional Networks from the NSFNET 21 NSF Solicits NIS Managers 22 Other Internet Registries 25 hiternet Routing Registries 27 The Once and Future Internet 28 Looking Ahead 32 Frequently Asked Questions 34 References 35
Chapter 2 ISP Services and Characteristics 37 ISP Services 37 ISP Service Pricing, Service-Level Agreements, and Technical Characteristics 42 Looking Ahead 53 Frequently Asked Questions 54
Chapter 3 IP Addressing and AlIocation Techniques 57 History of Internet Addressing 57 IP Address Space Depletion 65 Looking Ahead 86 Frequently Asked Questions 87 References 89
Part II Routing ProtocoI Basics 91 Chapter 4 lnterdomain Routing Basics 93 Overview of Routers and Routing 93 Routing Protocol Concepts 96 Segregating the World into Autonomous Systems l0l Looking Ahead l07 Frequently Asked Questions l08 References l09
Chapter 5 Border Gateway ProtocoI Version 4 111 How BGP Works l12 BGP Capabilities Negotiation l27 Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP 128 TCP MD5 Signature Option l29 Looking Ahead 131 Frequently Asked Questions l32 References l33 Part lII Effective Internet Routing Designs 135
Chapter 6 Chapter Tuning BGP Capabilities 137 Building Peer Sessions l37 Sources of Routing Updates l44 OverIapping Protocols: Backdoors l50 The Routing Process Simplified 152 Controlling BGP Routes l59 Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation 180 BGP-4 Aggregation I92 Looking Ahead l97 Frequently Asked Questions l99 References 20l
Chapter 10 Designing Stable Internets 287 Route Instabilihes on the Internet 287 BGP Stability Features 290 Looking Ahead 296 Frequently Asked Questions 297
Part IV lnternet Routing Device Configuration 299 Chapter 11 Configuring Basic BGP Functions and Attributes 301 Building Peering Sessions 301 Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation 308 Peer Groups 3l6 Sources of Routing Updates 3l8 Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors 326 BGP Attributes 328 BGP-4 Aggregation 342 Looking Ahead 36l
Chapter 12 Configuring Effective Internet Routing PoIicies 365 Redundancy, Symmeny, and Load Balancing 365 Following Defaults Inside an AS 395 Policy Routing 4l l Route Reflectors 4l5 Confederations 4l9 Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation 424 BGP Outbound Request Filter Capability 43l Route Dampening 432 Looking Ahead 435
Part V Appendixes 439 Appendix A BGP Command Reference 441 Appendlx B References for Further Study 449 Interesting Organizations 449 Research and Education M9 Miscellaneous M9 Books 450 Internet Request For Conmmnts 450 AppendIx C BGP Outbound Route Filter (ORF) 455 When to Use BGP ORF 455 Configuration 456 EXEC Commands 457 Closing Remarks 458 Appendix D MuItiprotocoI BGP (MBGP) 461 The Motivation Behind the New Command-Line Interface 461 Organizing Command Groups in the New Configuration 462 activate 464 network 465 Peer Groups 465 Route Maps 466 Redistribution 468 Route Reflector 469 Aggregation 469 List of BGP Commands 470 Upgrading to the AF Style 472 References 473 lndex 475
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