數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用

第一章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)概述 1                   
 1.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)的歷史和發(fā)展 1                   
 1.1.1 人工管理階段 2                   
 1.1.2 文件系統(tǒng)階段 3                   
 1.1.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)階段 4                   
 1.1.4 三代數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展 4                   
 1.2 數(shù)據(jù)模型 7                   
 1.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)模型的三要素 7                   
 1.2.2 概念模型與E-R方法 8                   
 1.2.3 幾種主要的數(shù)據(jù)模型 12                   
 1.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng) 15                   
 1.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的三級(jí)模式結(jié)構(gòu) 15                   
 1.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的功能和特性 17                   
 1.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) 17                   
 1.3.4 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理員 18                   
 1.4 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 19                   
                   
 第二章 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 21                   
 2.1 關(guān)系模型和關(guān)系模式. 關(guān)系代數(shù) 21                   
 2.1.1 關(guān)系模型 21                   
 2.1.2 關(guān)系模式 26                   
 2.1.3 關(guān)系代數(shù) 29                   
 2.2 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)語(yǔ)言SQL 35                   
 2.2.1 SQL語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn) 36                   
 2.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)類型 37                   
 2.2.3 操作符 38                   
 2.2.4 函數(shù) 43                   
 2.2.5 表達(dá)式 44                   
 2.2.6 條件 44                   
 2.3 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的設(shè)計(jì)理論 44                   
 2.3.1 基本概念 45                   
 2.3.2 函數(shù)依賴的公理系統(tǒng) 47                   
 2.3.3 規(guī)范化 47                   
                   
 第三章 結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語(yǔ)言——SQL 51                   
 3.1 SQL語(yǔ)言 51                   
 3.2 數(shù)據(jù)定義語(yǔ)言DDL 54                   
 3.2.1 表 54                   
 3.2.2 索引 60                   
 3.2.3 視圖 63                   
 3.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 66                   
 3.3 數(shù)據(jù)操縱語(yǔ)言 67                   
 3.3.1 填充新數(shù)據(jù)的命令——INSERT 67                   
 3.3.2 更新已存在數(shù)據(jù)的命令——UPDATE 69                   
 3.3.3 從表中刪除數(shù)據(jù)的命令——DELETE 70                   
 3.4 數(shù)據(jù)查詢語(yǔ)句 70                   
 3.4.1 統(tǒng)計(jì)查詢的結(jié)果 71                   
 3.4.2 數(shù)據(jù)排序和分組 74                   
 3.4.3 重新構(gòu)造數(shù)據(jù)的表現(xiàn)形式 76                   
 3.4.4 日期和時(shí)間 78                   
 3.4.5 查詢多個(gè)表 83                   
 3.4.6 使用子查詢 85                   
 3.4.7 組合查詢 87                   
 3.5 事務(wù)控制命令 89                   
 3.5.1 事務(wù)控制的命令 89                   
 3.5.2 事務(wù)控制和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的性能 91                   
 3.6 嵌入式SQL命令 92                   
 3.6.1 嵌入式SQL的一般形式 92                   
 3.6.2 嵌入式SQL語(yǔ)句與宿主語(yǔ)言之間的通信 93                   
 3.7 SQL性能調(diào)節(jié) 94                   
 3.7.1 SQL語(yǔ)句的調(diào)節(jié) 94                   
 3.7.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)調(diào)節(jié)和SQL調(diào)節(jié) 95                   
 3.7.3 格式化SQL語(yǔ)句 95                   
 3.7.4 全表瀏覽 96                   
 3.7.5 提高查詢性能應(yīng)考慮的其他因素 97                   
 3.8 使用SQL管理用戶和安全 98                   
                   
 第四章 面向?qū)ο蟮臄?shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 101                   
 4.1 面向?qū)ο蟮募夹g(shù)基礎(chǔ) 101                   
 4.1.1 面向?qū)ο蠓椒▽W(xué)的要點(diǎn) 102                   
 4.1.2 面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)的基本概念 103                   
 4.1.3 面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)的特點(diǎn) 105                   
 4.2 面向?qū)ο髷?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的基本特性 107                   
 4.2.1 必備特性 107                   
 4.2.2 可選特性 114                   
 4.2.3 開(kāi)放的可選特性 115                   
 4.3 ODMG 116                   
 4.3.1 對(duì)象模型 117                   
 4.3.2 OQL 128                   
 4.4 對(duì)象關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 133                   
 4.4.1 對(duì)象關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù) 133                   
 4.4.2 ORDB系統(tǒng)與產(chǎn)品 136                   
                   
 第五章 客戶/服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和Web數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基礎(chǔ) 141                   
 5.1 客戶/服務(wù)器體系結(jié)構(gòu) 141                   
 5.1.1 客戶/服務(wù)器的結(jié)構(gòu) 142                   
 5.1.2 客戶/服務(wù)器的主要技術(shù)特征 143                   
 5.1.3 客戶/服務(wù)器的組成 144                   
 5.1.4 三層結(jié)構(gòu)的客戶/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu) 145                   
 5.2 客戶/服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù) 148                   
 5.2.1 客戶/服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介 149                   
 5.2.2 客戶/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng) 155                   
 5.3 因特網(wǎng)上的Web數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 160                   
 5.3.1 Internet對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提出的挑戰(zhàn) 161                   
 5.3.2 Web數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(Web_DB) 162                   
 5.3.3 Web_DB的分類 163                   
 5.3.4 技術(shù)要點(diǎn) 166                   
 5.3.5 Web和DB的進(jìn)一步融合 167                   
 5.4 Web數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用的一般結(jié)構(gòu)和方法 167                   
 5.4.1 Web應(yīng)用的構(gòu)成 167                   
 5.4.2 Web數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用的一般結(jié)構(gòu) 170                   
 5.4.3 Web網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問(wèn) 171                   
                   
 第六章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)產(chǎn)品簡(jiǎn)介 175                   
 6.1 Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 175                   
 6.1.1 Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件 175                   
 6.1.2 Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例 177                   
 6.1.3 Oracle 8的工具 177                   
 6.1.4 Oracle 8的數(shù)據(jù)字典 179                   
 6.1.5 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器 180                   
 6.1.6 應(yīng)用服務(wù)器 182                   
 6.1.7 開(kāi)發(fā)工具 182                   
 6.2 Informix數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 183                   
 6.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎 183                   
 6.2.2 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的連接產(chǎn)品 186                   
 6.2.3 Informix的開(kāi)發(fā)工具 188                   
 6.2.4 Informix的數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)解決方案 189                   
 6.2.5 Informix的Internet解決方案 190                   
 6.3 SQL Server 190                   
 6.3.1 SQL Server簡(jiǎn)介 190                   
 6.3.2 SQL Server的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 193                   
 6.3.3 分布式管理框架(DMF) 196                   
 6.3.4 SQL Server的特性 197                   
                   
 第七章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)保護(hù) 199                   
 7.1 并發(fā)控制 199                   
 7.1.1 并發(fā)控制概述 199                   
 7.1.2 并發(fā)操作的調(diào)度 203                   
 7.1.3 封鎖 204                   
 7.1.4 死鎖 207                   
 7.2 安全性控制 209                   
 7.2.1 安全性概述 210                   
 7.2.2 安全性控制的一般方法 210                   
 7.3 完整性控制 215                   
 7.3.1 實(shí)體完整性 216                   
 7.3.2 域完整性 216                   
 7.3.3 參照完整性 218                   
 7.3.4 用戶定義完整性 220                   
 7.3.5 完整性控制 220                   
 7.4 數(shù)據(jù)備份與恢復(fù) 221                   
 7.4.1 備份綜述 222                   
 7.4.2 數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù) 228                   
 7.5 數(shù)據(jù)管理 237                   
 7.5.1 數(shù)據(jù)管理的必要性 237                   
 7.5.2 數(shù)據(jù)管理面臨的問(wèn)題 238                   
 7.5.3 數(shù)據(jù)管理的功能 239                   
 7.6 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理 242                   
 7.6.1 管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu) 243                   
 7.6.2 管理數(shù)據(jù)活動(dòng) 245                   
 7.6.3 建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù)字典 246                   
 7.6.4 管理DBMS 247                   
 7.6.5 保證數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的安全可靠 248                   
                   
 第八章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的分析與設(shè)計(jì) 249                   
 8.1 面向?qū)ο蟮姆治雠c設(shè)計(jì) 249                   
 8.1.1 Coad/Yourdon方法 251                   
 8.1.2 Booch方法 262                   
 8.1.3 面向?qū)ο蠓治雠c設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境 266                   
 8.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì) 271                   
 8.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)的步驟 271                   
 8.2.2 需求分析 273                   
 8.2.3 概念模型設(shè)計(jì) 277                   
 8.2.4 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 282                   
 8.2.5 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的物理設(shè)計(jì) 285                   
 8.2.6 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的實(shí)施 288                   
 8.2.7 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) 290                   
 8.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用規(guī)劃綜述 292                   
 8.3.1 確定需求分析中可以量化的內(nèi)容 292                   
 8.3.2 性能需求 295                   
 8.3.3 并發(fā)需求 296                   
 8.3.4 數(shù)據(jù)分布需求 297                   
 8.3.5 備份和恢復(fù)需求 297                   
 8.3.6 安全問(wèn)題 297                   
 8.3.7 網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì) 298                   
 8.3.8 開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)的選擇 298                   
 8.3.9 其他 299                   
                   
 第九章 開(kāi)放的客戶端開(kāi)發(fā) 301                   
 9.1 開(kāi)放式客戶體系結(jié)構(gòu)ODBC與JDBC 301                   
 9.1.1 ODBC接口 301                   
 9.1.2 JDBC 311                   
 9.2 PowerBuilder 介紹 319                   
 9.2.1 PowerBuilder的特點(diǎn) 319                   
 9.2.2 PowerBuilder應(yīng)用的構(gòu)成. 開(kāi)發(fā)方法和開(kāi)發(fā)工具 321                   
 9.2.3 PowerBuilder數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的事務(wù)管理 326                   
 9.2.4 PB與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)功能交叉的影響 328                   
 9.3 用Delphi開(kāi)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng) 332                   
 9.3.1 Delphi數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用程序的體系 332                   
 9.3.2 Delphi連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的三種方式 334                   
 9.3.3 利用Delphi開(kāi)發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用 336                   
 9.4 用Java開(kāi)發(fā)Internet應(yīng)用 339                   
 9.4.1 Java簡(jiǎn)介 340                   
 9.4.2 基于Java的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問(wèn)方法 341                   
 9.4.3 用Java技術(shù)構(gòu)建多層應(yīng)用軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu) 343                   
                   
 第十章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)及其開(kāi)發(fā)方法 347                   
 10.1 銀行儲(chǔ)蓄業(yè)務(wù)和資金清算系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)例 347                   
 10.1.1 系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 347                   
 10.1.2 角色分配及其職能 348                   
 10.1.3 模塊設(shè)計(jì) 352                   
 10.1.4 系統(tǒng)編程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和環(huán)境 354                   
 10.1.5 系統(tǒng)單元測(cè)試 355                   
 10.1.6 系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量保證及系統(tǒng)變更 355                   
 10.2 采油廠生產(chǎn)調(diào)度系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)例 356                   
 10.2.1 系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 356                   
 10.2.2 系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì) 359                   
 10.2.3 開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程 362                   
 10.2.4 程序設(shè)計(jì)中的一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 364                   
                   
 第十一章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的新技術(shù) 371                   
 11.1 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù) 371                   
 11.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)的概念 371                   
 11.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 373                   
 11.1.3 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)的開(kāi)發(fā) 377                   
 11.1.4 主流廠商及產(chǎn)品 379                   
 11.1.5 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向 384                   
 11.2 全文檢索技術(shù) 386                   
 11.2.1 計(jì)算機(jī)在全文檢索方面的應(yīng)用 386                   
 11.2.2 評(píng)價(jià)檢索系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和主要技術(shù)問(wèn)題 387                   
 11.2.3 基于概念的信息檢索系統(tǒng) 388                   
 11.2.4 超文本信息檢索系統(tǒng) 390                   
 11.2.5 中文全文檢索 391                   
 11.2.6 Internet環(huán)境下的檢索系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu) 393                   
 11.3 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng) 394                   
 11.3.1 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的特征 395                   
 11.3.2 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) 397