C++程序開(kāi)發(fā)與設(shè)計(jì)

第1章　計(jì)算機(jī)與程序設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)介　1                  
 1.1　硬件和軟件　1                  
 1.1.1  計(jì)算機(jī)硬件  3                  
 1.1.2  硬件的發(fā)展  6                  
 1.1.3  計(jì)算機(jī)軟件                  
 練習(xí)1.1  8                  
 1.2　編程語(yǔ)言　10                  
 1.3　問(wèn)題解決與軟件開(kāi)發(fā)　11                  
 1.3.1  階段一：開(kāi)發(fā)與設(shè)計(jì)  13                  
 1.3.2  階段二：編寫(xiě)文檔  14                  
 1.3.3  階段三：維護(hù)  15                  
 1.3.4  深入探討開(kāi)發(fā)與設(shè)計(jì)  16                  
 1.3.5  備份  16                  
 練習(xí)1.3  21                  
 1.4　算法　21                  
 練習(xí)1.4  24                  
 1.5　為對(duì)象做準(zhǔn)備：面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)　25                  
 練習(xí)1.5  26                  
 1.6　深入探討數(shù)字式存儲(chǔ)的概念　29                  
 1.6.1  二進(jìn)制補(bǔ)碼  29                  
 1.6.2  字與地址  30                  
 1.7　常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　30                  
 1.8　章節(jié)回顧　31                  
 1.8.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  31                  
 1.8.2  概要  31                  
 1.8.3  練習(xí)  32                  
                   
 第一部分　Ｃ++面向過(guò)程的程序設(shè)計(jì)　35                  
                   
 第２章　用Ｃ++解決問(wèn)題　37                  
 2.1  C++簡(jiǎn)介　37                  
 2.1.1  main()函數(shù)  39                  
 2.1.2  cout對(duì)象  40                  
 練習(xí)2.1  42                  
 2.2  程序設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格　44                  
 練習(xí)2.2  46                  
 2.3  數(shù)據(jù)值與算術(shù)運(yùn)算　47                  
 2.3.1  整數(shù)值  47                  
 2.3.2  浮點(diǎn)數(shù)  48                  
 2.3.3  字符值  49                  
 2.3.4  轉(zhuǎn)義序列  50                  
 2.3.5  算術(shù)運(yùn)算  51                  
 2.3.6  整數(shù)的除法  53                  
 2.3.7  一元運(yùn)算符  53                  
 2.3.8  運(yùn)算符的優(yōu)先級(jí)和結(jié)合性  54                  
 練習(xí)2.3  55                  
 2.4  變量與聲明語(yǔ)句　57                  
 2.4.1  聲明語(yǔ)句  58                  
 2.4.2  多重聲明  60                  
 4.4.3  內(nèi)存分配  62                  
 4.4.4  顯示一個(gè)變量的地址  63                  
 練習(xí)2.4  65                  
 2.5  整數(shù)限定符　67                  
 2.5.1  數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換  68                  
 2.5.2  確定存儲(chǔ)長(zhǎng)度  68                  
 練習(xí)2.5  69                  
 2.6  軟件開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程運(yùn)用　70                  
 2.6.1  步驟一：分析問(wèn)題  71                  
 2.6.2  步驟二：研究解決問(wèn)題  71                  
 2.6.3  步驟三：方案的代碼化  71                  
 2.6.4  步驟四：程序的測(cè)試與更正  72                  
 練習(xí)2.6  72                  
 2.7  注重解決問(wèn)題　74                  
 2.7.1  問(wèn)題一：鐘擺  74                  
 2.7.2  問(wèn)題二：直通電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)  75                  
 練習(xí)2.7  76                  
 2.8  為對(duì)象做準(zhǔn)備：關(guān)于“抽象”的簡(jiǎn)介　77                  
 2.9  常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　80                  
 2.10  章節(jié)回顧　81                  
 2.10.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  81                  
 2.10.2  概要  81                  
 2.10.3  練習(xí)  82                  
                   
 第3章　基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)介紹　86                  
 3.1  賦值操作　86                  
 3.1.1  賦值的各種形式  89                  
 3.1.2  累加和  90                  
 3.1.3  計(jì)數(shù)  91                  
 練習(xí)3.1  93                  
 3.2  指定輸出數(shù)的格式　96                  
 練習(xí)3.2  102                  
 3.3  利用數(shù)學(xué)庫(kù)函數(shù)　104                  
 練習(xí)3.3  107                  
 3.4  用cin對(duì)象接收程序輸入　109                  
 練習(xí)3.4  112                  
 3.5  const 限定符　115                  
 練習(xí)3.5  117                  
 3.6  注重解決問(wèn)題　118                  
 3.6.1  問(wèn)題一：酸雨  118                  
 3.6.2  問(wèn)題二：指數(shù)函數(shù)的逼近  120                  
 練習(xí)3.6  123                  
 3.7  為對(duì)象做準(zhǔn)備：程序性能衡量和面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)　125                  
 3.7.1  程序性能的衡量  126                  
 3.7.2  轉(zhuǎn)向面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)  127                  
 練習(xí)3.7  128                  
 3.8  深入探討錯(cuò)誤　128                  
 3.8.1  編譯時(shí)和運(yùn)行時(shí)錯(cuò)誤  128                  
 3.8.2  語(yǔ)法和邏輯錯(cuò)誤  128                  
 3.9  常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　131                  
 3.10  章節(jié)回顧　131                  
 3.10.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  131                  
 3.10.2  概要  132                  
 3.10.3  練習(xí)  133                  
                   
 第4章　選擇結(jié)構(gòu)　137                  
 4.1 選擇條件　137                  
 4.1.1  邏輯運(yùn)算符  139                  
 4.1.2  數(shù)的精度問(wèn)題  141                  
 練習(xí)4.1  142                  
 4.2 if-else語(yǔ)句　143                  
 4.2.1  復(fù)合語(yǔ)句  145                  
 4.2.2  代碼塊的作用范圍  147                  
 4.2.3  單選擇  147                  
 4.2.4  與if-else語(yǔ)句相關(guān)的問(wèn)題  149                  
 練習(xí)4.2  150                  
 4.3 嵌套if語(yǔ)句　152                  
 練習(xí)4.3  157                  
 4.4 Switch語(yǔ)句　160                  
 練習(xí)4.4  163                  
 4.5 注重解決問(wèn)題　164                  
 4.5.1  問(wèn)題一：數(shù)據(jù)有效性檢驗(yàn)  165                  
 4.5.2  問(wèn)題二：解二次方程  166                  
 練習(xí)4.5  169                  
 4.6 為對(duì)象做準(zhǔn)備：內(nèi)部和外部　170                  
 4.6.1  抽象與封裝  172                  
 4.6.2  代碼重用的擴(kuò)展  172                  
 練習(xí)4.6  173                  
 4.7 深入探討程序測(cè)試　174                  
 4.8 常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　175                  
 4.9 章節(jié)回顧　176                  
 4.9.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  176                  
 4.9.2  概要  176                  
 4.9.3  練習(xí)  178                  
                   
 第5章　循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)　181                  
 5.1  引言　242                  
 5.1.1   先判斷循環(huán)與后判斷循環(huán)  181                  
 5.1.2  固定計(jì)數(shù)循環(huán)與可變條件循環(huán)  181                  
 5.2  while 循環(huán)　183                  
 練習(xí)5.2  188                  
 5.3  交互式while 循環(huán)　189                  
 5.3.1  標(biāo)記  195                  
 5.3.2  break語(yǔ)句與continue語(yǔ)句  196                  
 5.3.3  空語(yǔ)句  197                  
 練習(xí)5.3  197                  
 5.4  for循環(huán)　199                  
 練習(xí)5.4  205                  
 5.5  循環(huán)編程技術(shù)　208                  
 5.5.1  技術(shù)一：在循環(huán)中交互輸入  208                  
 5.5.2  技術(shù)二：在循環(huán)中選擇  208                  
 5.5.3  技術(shù)三：計(jì)算單變量函數(shù)  210                  
 5.5.4  技術(shù)四：交互式循環(huán)控制  212                  
 練習(xí)5.5  213                  
 5.6  嵌套循環(huán)　214                  
 練習(xí)5.6  216                  
 5.7  do-while循環(huán)　217                  
 練習(xí)5.7  219                  
 5.8 為對(duì)象做準(zhǔn)備：對(duì)象建模技術(shù)　220                  
 5.8.1  對(duì)象圖  221                  
 5.8.2  關(guān)系  223                  
 練習(xí)5.5  224                  
 5.9  常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　225                  
 5.10  章節(jié)回顧　225                  
 5.10.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  225                  
 5.10.2  概要  226                  
 5.10.3  練習(xí)  227                  
                   
 第6章　用函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)模塊化　231                  
 6.1 函數(shù)聲明與參數(shù)聲明　231                  
 6.1.1  函數(shù)原型  232                  
 6.1.2  調(diào)用一個(gè)函數(shù)  233                  
 6.1.3  定義一個(gè)函數(shù)  234                  
 6.1.4  語(yǔ)句的位置  237                  
 6.1.5  函數(shù)占位符  238                  
 6.1.6  帶有空參數(shù)列表的函數(shù)  239                  
 6.1.7  缺省參數(shù)  240                  
 6.1.8  函數(shù)模板  240                  
 6.1.9  重用函數(shù)名(重載)  244                  
 練習(xí)6.1  245                  
 6.2 返回值　246                  
 練習(xí)6.2  251                  
 6.3 變量的作用范圍　253                  
 6.3.1  范圍解析運(yùn)算符  256                  
 6.3.2  全局變量的誤用  256                  
 練習(xí)6.3  257                  
 6.4 變量存儲(chǔ)類(lèi)型　259                  
 6.4.1  局部變量存儲(chǔ)類(lèi)型  260                  
 6.4.2  全局變量存儲(chǔ)類(lèi)型  263                  
 練習(xí)6.4  264                  
 6.5 使用引用參數(shù)的引用傳遞　265                  
 練習(xí)6.5  272                  
 6.6 遞歸　273                  
 6.6.1  數(shù)學(xué)遞歸  273                  
 6.6.2  計(jì)算是如何執(zhí)行的  275                  
 6.6.3  遞歸和迭代  276                  
 練習(xí)6.6  277                  
 6.7 注重解決問(wèn)題　277                  
 6.7.1  產(chǎn)生偽隨機(jī)數(shù)  277                  
 6.7.2  問(wèn)題一：模擬拋硬幣  279                  
 6.7.3  問(wèn)題二：編寫(xiě)一個(gè)HiLo游戲  281                  
 6.7.4  問(wèn)題三：用蒙特卡洛模擬估計(jì)曲線下的面積  283                  
 練習(xí)6.7  287                  
 6.8 為對(duì)象做準(zhǔn)備：動(dòng)態(tài)OMT模型　290                  
 6.8.1  動(dòng)態(tài)模型  290                  
 6.8.2  一個(gè)例子  292                  
 練習(xí)6.8  293                  
 6.9 常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　294                  
 6.10 章節(jié)回顧　294                  
 6.10.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  294                  
 6.10.2  概要  294                  
 6.10.3  練習(xí)  295                  
                   
 第二部分　C++面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)　303                  
                   
 第7章　類(lèi)的介紹　305                  
 7.1  C++中的抽象數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型(類(lèi))　305                  
 7.1.1  抽象數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型  305                  
 7.1.2  類(lèi)的構(gòu)造  307                  
 7.1.3  術(shù)語(yǔ)  313                  
 練習(xí)7.1  313                  
 7.2  構(gòu)造函數(shù)　315                  
 7.2.1  構(gòu)造函數(shù)和調(diào)用  316                  
 7.2.2  重載和內(nèi)聯(lián)構(gòu)造函數(shù)  317                  
 7.2.3  析構(gòu)函數(shù)  320                  
 練習(xí)7.2  321                  
 7.3   注重解決問(wèn)題　321                  
 7.3.1  問(wèn)題一：構(gòu)造一個(gè)電梯對(duì)象  322                  
 7.3.2  問(wèn)題二：汽油泵對(duì)象的仿真  326                  
 練習(xí)7.3  331                  
 7.4  常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　332                  
 7.5  章節(jié)回顧　332                  
 7.5.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  332                  
 7.5.2  概要  332                  
 7.5.3  練習(xí)  333                  
                   
 第8章　類(lèi)的函數(shù)和轉(zhuǎn)換　335                  
 8.1  賦值　335                  
 8.1.1  復(fù)制構(gòu)造函數(shù)  338                  
 8.1.2  基礎(chǔ)/成員初始化  340                  
 練習(xí)8.1  341                  
 8.2  類(lèi)的其他特征　341                  
 8.2.1  類(lèi)的作用范圍  341                  
 8.2.2  靜態(tài)類(lèi)成員  343                  
 8.2.3  友元函數(shù)  346                  
 練習(xí)8.2  348                  
 8.3  運(yùn)算符函數(shù)　349                  
 練習(xí)8.3  355                  
 8.4  用戶的兩種選擇：operator()和operator[]　356                  
 練習(xí)8.4  359                  
 8.5  數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換　359                  
 8.5.1  內(nèi)置數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換成內(nèi)置數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型  360                  
 8.5.2  內(nèi)置數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換成類(lèi)  360                  
 8.5.3  類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換成內(nèi)置數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型  362                  
 8.5.4  類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換成類(lèi)型 363                  
 練習(xí)8.5  366                  
 8.6  注重解決問(wèn)題　367                  
 8.6.1  問(wèn)題一：多個(gè)對(duì)象的汽油泵仿真  367                  
 8.6.2  問(wèn)題二：重載插入(  )和提取(  )運(yùn)算符  372                  
 練習(xí)8.6  375                  
 8.7  常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　376                  
 8.8  章節(jié)回顧　377                  
 8.8.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  377                  
 8.8.2  概要  377                  
 8.8.3  練習(xí)  378                  
                   
 第9章　繼承和動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)存分配　381                  
 9.1  類(lèi)的繼承　381                  
 9.1.1  訪問(wèn)標(biāo)志  383                  
 9.1.2  一個(gè)例子  283                  
 練習(xí)9.1  387                  
 9.2  多態(tài)性　387                  
 練習(xí)9.2  390                  
 9.3  this指針　391                  
 練習(xí)9.3  396                  
 9.4  注重解決問(wèn)題　396                  
 9.4.1  問(wèn)題一：對(duì)象的動(dòng)態(tài)生成與銷(xiāo)毀  396                  
 9.4.2  問(wèn)題二：汽油泵的動(dòng)態(tài)仿真  401                  
 練習(xí)9.4  405                  
 9.5  作為類(lèi)成員的指針　406                  
 練習(xí)9.5  412                  
 9.6  常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　412                  
 9.7 章節(jié)回顧　413                  
 9.7.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  413                  
 9.7.2  概要  413                  
 9.7.3  練習(xí)  413                  
                   
 第10章　I/O文件流和數(shù)據(jù)文件　415                  
 10.1  I/0文件流對(duì)象和方法　415                  
 10.1.1  文件  415                  
 10.1.2  文件流對(duì)象和模式  416                  
 10.1.3  文件流的方法  417                  
 10.1.4  嵌入程序和交互輸入的文件名  421                  
 10.1.5  關(guān)閉文件  423                  
 練習(xí)10.1  423                  
 10.2  讀文件和寫(xiě)文件　424                  
 10.2.1  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備文件  429                  
 10.2.2  其他設(shè)備  429                  
 練習(xí)10.2  430                  
 10.3  文件的隨機(jī)訪問(wèn)　431                  
 練習(xí)10.3  434                  
 10.4  將文件流作為函數(shù)的輸入?yún)?shù)　434                  
 練習(xí)10.4  437                  
 10.5  注重解決問(wèn)題　437                  
 10.5.1  問(wèn)題一：花粉統(tǒng)計(jì)的單文件更新  437                  
 10.5.2  問(wèn)題二：主文件/事務(wù)文件更新  442                  
 練習(xí)10.5  4446                  
 10.6  深入探討iostream類(lèi)庫(kù)　448                  
 10.6.1  文件流傳輸機(jī)制  448                  
 10.6.2  iostream類(lèi)庫(kù)的組件  448                  
 10.6.3  iostream在內(nèi)存中的格式  449                  
 10.7  常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　451                  
 10.8  章節(jié)回顧　451                  
 10.8.1  關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)  451                  
 10.8.2  概要  451                  
 10.8.3  練習(xí)  453                  
                   
 第三部分　數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)　455                  
                   
 第11章　數(shù)組　457                  
 11.1 一維數(shù)組　587                  
 11.2 數(shù)組的初始化　596                  
 11.3 用數(shù)組作為函數(shù)參數(shù)　599                  
 11.4 聲明和使用二維數(shù)組　604                  
 11.5 注重解決問(wèn)題　613                  
 11.6 查找和排序　621                  
 11.7 常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　644                  
 11.8 章節(jié)回顧　645                  
 第12章　650                  
 字符串　650                  
 12.1 字符串基礎(chǔ)　651                  
 12.2 庫(kù)函數(shù)　663                  
 12.3注重解決問(wèn)題　673                  
 12.4 深入探討CString類(lèi)　680                  
 12.5 常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　684                  
 第13章　689                  
 地址. 指針和數(shù)組　689                  
 13.1 地址和指針　690                  
 13.2 數(shù)組名作為指針　701                  
 13.3 指針運(yùn)算　709                  
 13.4 傳遞地址　713                  
 13.5 指針和字符串庫(kù)函數(shù)　723                  
 13.6 字符串定義和指針數(shù)組　726                  
 13.7常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　731                  
 13.8 章節(jié)回顧　733                  
 第14章　736                  
 作為數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的記錄　736                  
 14.1 單個(gè)記錄　737                  
 14.2 結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組　743                  
 14.3 記錄結(jié)構(gòu)用作函數(shù)參數(shù)　747                  
 14.4 鏈表　754                  
 14.5 結(jié)構(gòu)體動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)存分配　761                  
 14.6 注重解決問(wèn)題　767                  
 14.7聯(lián)合體 　779                  
 14.8 常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　781                  
 14.9章節(jié)回顧　781                  
 第15章　785                  
 面向?qū)ο蟮亩褩：完?duì)列　785                  
 15.1 堆棧介紹　786                  
 15.2 動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接堆棧的實(shí)現(xiàn)　795                  
 15.3 隊(duì)列介紹　803                  
 15.4 動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接隊(duì)列的實(shí)現(xiàn)　811                  
 15.5 常見(jiàn)編程錯(cuò)誤　820                  
 15.6 章節(jié)回顧　820                  
 附錄　823                  
 附錄A　824                  
 運(yùn)算符優(yōu)先順序表　824                  
 附錄B　827                  
 ASCII字符編碼　827                  
 附錄C　833                  
 程序的輸入. 編譯和執(zhí)行　833                  
 附錄D　839                  
 輸入. 輸出和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤重定向　839                  
 附錄E　842                  
 浮點(diǎn)數(shù)的存儲(chǔ)　842                  
 附錄F　845                  
 名稱(chēng)空間　845                  
 附錄G　848                  
 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板庫(kù)　848                  
 附錄H　855                  
 使用 Visual C++ 6.0　855                  
 附錄I　865                  
 使用C++ BuilderTM　865                  
 附錄J　869                  
 附加性能　869                  
 附錄K　881                  
 部分奇數(shù)編號(hào)習(xí)題的答案　881